رمسيس الثاني/ Ramesses II

Ramesses II (also known as Ramesses the Great and alternatively transcribed as Ramses and Rameses *Riʕmīsisu; also known as Ozymandias in the Greek sources, from a transliteration into Greek of a part of Ramesses' throne name, User-maat-re Setep-en-re)^[5] was the third Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty. He is often regarded as Egypt's greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh.^[6] His successors and later Egyptians called him the "Great Ancestor" and his subjects called him by the affectionate abbreviation "Sese". His accession date of III Shemu day 27 was declared a public holiday during the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt.
He was born around 1303 BC^{[citation needed]} and at age fourteen, Ramesses was appointed Prince Regent by his father Seti I.^[6] He is believed to have taken the throne in his early 20s and to have ruled Egypt from 1279 BC to 1213 BC^[7] for a total of 66 years and 2 months, according to Manetho. He was once said to have lived to be 99 years old, but it is more likely that he died in his 90th or 91st year. If he became Pharaoh in 1279 BC as most Egyptologists today believe, he would have assumed his throne on May 31, 1279 BC, based on his known accession date of III Shemu day 27.^[8][9] Ramesses II celebrated an unprecedented 14 sed festivals during his reign—more than any other pharaoh.^[10] On his death, he was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings;^[11] his body was later moved to a royal cache where it was discovered in 1881, and is now on display in the Cairo Museum.^[12]
Ramesses II led several expeditions north into the lands east of the Mediterranean (the location of the modern Israel, Lebanon and Syria). He also led expeditions to the south, into Nubia, commemorated in inscriptions at Beit el-Wali and Gerf Hussein.
The early part of his reign was focused on building cities, temples and monuments. He established the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta as his new capital and main base for his campaigns in Syria. This city was built on the remains of the city of Avaris, the capital of the Hyksos when they took over, and was the location of the main Temple of Set





رمسيس الثانيبالهيروغليفية

الاسم الملكي: وسر ماعت رع، ستپ ان رع ويعني: قوي رع وماعت، المختار من رع
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