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Present simple
· We use it for actions that are repeated “ habitual actions”, permanent situations that are always true.
- He writes to me twice a week.
- They live in London.
- The sun rises in the East.
Present continuous
· We use it for actions going on at the time of speaking & for future plans. We form it by (verb to be in present + v + ing).
- Listen! The birds are singing.
- I’m going to go to France tomorrow. (future plane)
Note: -
These verbs never come in continuous: - (Taste- belong- hear- see- smell- appear-consist of – include – need – own –seem –hate –like – love –prefer –want –wish –believe – know –mean –remember – suppose – understand).
Past simple
· We use it for past actions & past situations.
- He lived in Amman until 1980.Used to
We use used to + infinitive to take about an event that happened in the past & doesn’t exist now.
- He used to play football. Now he plays tennis.
- He didn’t use to eat fish. Now he eats fish.
Past continuous
· We use it for something already happening in the past at a particular time & for a long action that was happening when a short action happened.
· We form it by:- (verb to be in the past + verb + ing)
- He was living in Amman in 1980.
When & While
· We use them to connect two sentences in the past (one verb in the past simple & the other in the past continuous). The longer action takes the past continuous, while the shorter action takes the past simple.
- He was standing at the bus stop, when a car crashed into a lamppost.
- While he was waiting for the bus, a man came to speak to him.The future
1. We can express it by using present continuous .We use it when the future action is already planned.
· I’m meeting Jack at the airport tomorrow.
2. The future simple: - A) we use it to make predictions; that is to say what we think will happen in the future.
· He will be able to use a telephone.
· He will have a special computer.
B) When we talk about something that we decide at the moment of speaking.
· Let’s go to the club.
- Right, I’ll meet you at 7:00 o’clock.
The future “ going to”: -
(Going to + infinitive)
The present perfect
It is used for suggesting what will happen and
for expressing intentions.
The present perfect simple
(Have/has +pp.)
The Present Perfect Continuous.
(Have/has +been +verb +ing)
1. We use them when we talk about actions that began in the past and are still going on at the present
· I have lived here since 1975.
(Present perfect simple)
· I have been living here for over ten years.
(Present perfect continuous)
2. Since is followed by a period in time.
Since Monday / 1999 / I was a child …….
For is followed by a period of time.
For a day / ten years …..
3. We use them with ( ever-never-yet-already )
· I have already done my homework.
· Have you ever been to the U.S.A.?
· She hasn’t done her homework yet.
4. We use them with past actions that have present results.
· The population has grown. “the streets are crowded”
· The population has been growing. “ the streets are crowded”
5. We use them with actions that completed immediately in the past with “ just”
· I’ve just had lunch.
· He has just been having dinner.
6. With the future time in adverbial clauses, we use only present, not the present perfect continuous.
· When we have finished lunch, we will go to the club.
Past perfect
(Had + pp.)
Use: -1. We use it to tell about the earlier of two events that happened in the past.
· The captain spoke after the last suspect had left the room.
2. This tense is often used with time conjunction “ after / when / once /
as soon as”
· After I went to school, I discovered that I had lost my keys.3. It replaces the present perfect and the past simple in reported speech.
· “I have discovered something good.”
He said he had discovered something good.
· “ I noticed something strange.” She said she had noticed something strange.
Conditional (If)1. We can use (if) at the beginning of a sentence or at the end. When it is at the beginning, it is followed by a comma “,”.
2. We can use “ If ” to talk about events that might or might not happen in the future. If is followed by a verb in the present.
· If I see him tomorrow, I will tell him the news.
· I will tell him the news if I see him tomorrow.
3. To express unreal or improbable things in the present or to the future. We use If + past simple would + infinitive.
· If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.
· I would buy a new car if I had enough money.
4. When we talk about things that are impossible to happen we use
If + were with all subject pronouns would + infinitive.
· If I were a queen, I would marry a king.
· If she were a bird, she would fly high in the sky.
5. When we talk about things that didn’t happen in the past, we use
If + past perfect future perfect
(Had + pp.) (Would +have +pp.)
· If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.
6. Unless = if + not.
We can use unless instead of if.
· If it doesn’t rain, I will play football.
· Unless it rains, I will play football.
· Look! He is taking out his piano.
- He is going to play on it.
- They are going to go to San Francisco for a holiday.
· We use it for actions that are repeated “ habitual actions”, permanent situations that are always true.
- He writes to me twice a week.
- They live in London.
- The sun rises in the East.
Present continuous
· We use it for actions going on at the time of speaking & for future plans. We form it by (verb to be in present + v + ing).
- Listen! The birds are singing.
- I’m going to go to France tomorrow. (future plane)
Note: -
These verbs never come in continuous: - (Taste- belong- hear- see- smell- appear-consist of – include – need – own –seem –hate –like – love –prefer –want –wish –believe – know –mean –remember – suppose – understand).
Past simple
· We use it for past actions & past situations.
- He lived in Amman until 1980.Used to
We use used to + infinitive to take about an event that happened in the past & doesn’t exist now.
- He used to play football. Now he plays tennis.
- He didn’t use to eat fish. Now he eats fish.
Past continuous
· We use it for something already happening in the past at a particular time & for a long action that was happening when a short action happened.
· We form it by:- (verb to be in the past + verb + ing)
- He was living in Amman in 1980.
When & While
· We use them to connect two sentences in the past (one verb in the past simple & the other in the past continuous). The longer action takes the past continuous, while the shorter action takes the past simple.
- He was standing at the bus stop, when a car crashed into a lamppost.
- While he was waiting for the bus, a man came to speak to him.The future
1. We can express it by using present continuous .We use it when the future action is already planned.
· I’m meeting Jack at the airport tomorrow.
2. The future simple: - A) we use it to make predictions; that is to say what we think will happen in the future.
· He will be able to use a telephone.
· He will have a special computer.
B) When we talk about something that we decide at the moment of speaking.
· Let’s go to the club.
- Right, I’ll meet you at 7:00 o’clock.
The future “ going to”: -
(Going to + infinitive)
The present perfect
It is used for suggesting what will happen and
for expressing intentions.
The present perfect simple
(Have/has +pp.)
The Present Perfect Continuous.
(Have/has +been +verb +ing)
1. We use them when we talk about actions that began in the past and are still going on at the present
· I have lived here since 1975.
(Present perfect simple)
· I have been living here for over ten years.
(Present perfect continuous)
2. Since is followed by a period in time.
Since Monday / 1999 / I was a child …….
For is followed by a period of time.
For a day / ten years …..
3. We use them with ( ever-never-yet-already )
· I have already done my homework.
· Have you ever been to the U.S.A.?
· She hasn’t done her homework yet.
4. We use them with past actions that have present results.
· The population has grown. “the streets are crowded”
· The population has been growing. “ the streets are crowded”
5. We use them with actions that completed immediately in the past with “ just”
· I’ve just had lunch.
· He has just been having dinner.
6. With the future time in adverbial clauses, we use only present, not the present perfect continuous.
· When we have finished lunch, we will go to the club.
Past perfect
(Had + pp.)
Use: -1. We use it to tell about the earlier of two events that happened in the past.
· The captain spoke after the last suspect had left the room.
2. This tense is often used with time conjunction “ after / when / once /
as soon as”
· After I went to school, I discovered that I had lost my keys.3. It replaces the present perfect and the past simple in reported speech.
· “I have discovered something good.”
He said he had discovered something good.
· “ I noticed something strange.” She said she had noticed something strange.
Conditional (If)1. We can use (if) at the beginning of a sentence or at the end. When it is at the beginning, it is followed by a comma “,”.
2. We can use “ If ” to talk about events that might or might not happen in the future. If is followed by a verb in the present.
· If I see him tomorrow, I will tell him the news.
· I will tell him the news if I see him tomorrow.
3. To express unreal or improbable things in the present or to the future. We use If + past simple would + infinitive.
· If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.
· I would buy a new car if I had enough money.
4. When we talk about things that are impossible to happen we use
If + were with all subject pronouns would + infinitive.
· If I were a queen, I would marry a king.
· If she were a bird, she would fly high in the sky.
5. When we talk about things that didn’t happen in the past, we use
If + past perfect future perfect
(Had + pp.) (Would +have +pp.)
· If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.
6. Unless = if + not.
We can use unless instead of if.
· If it doesn’t rain, I will play football.
· Unless it rains, I will play football.
· Look! He is taking out his piano.
- He is going to play on it.
- They are going to go to San Francisco for a holiday.
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